Charles I was the second king of the Stuart dynasty in England and reigned from 1625-1649 until his execution.
He was a famous king who lived through a turbulent period of civil war, but may not be easily heard of.
Charles I was born the second son of James I, the famous Peace King.
However, he and his father’s friend, Lord Buckingham, moved against his father’s peace policy and moved toward conflict with Parliament.
As a result of ignoring parliament and continuing to collect taxes by force, he was defeated in the Puritan Revolution and civil war and executed in 1649.
Thus, in this article, we will delve deeper into the history of King Charles I, while discussing his family structure, his hobby of painting, and the fact that he actually had many children.
Read to the end to learn more about Charles I.
Who is Charles I?
Charles I was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1600, and was always compared to his superior older brother, which gave him a complex.
It is also said that he had developmental delays andstuttered as a child, and that he rebelled against his father because people around him did not expect him to do so.
Contrary to his father, who governed by a policy of peace, Charles I was also known as a war king. His efforts to collect taxes and secure troops for warfare led to the decline of England.
King Charles I was also a well-known patron of the arts. He invited Anthony Van Dyck, a Flemish artist, to become his court painter in England, which at the time was an art backward country.
He gave this Anthony Van Dulk a large sum of money and preferential treatment, and he painted some 40 portraits of Charles I.
He was also a collector of various other works of art, and after his execution, this collection was put up for sale by the parliamentarians.
Life of Charles I
This section is divided into six periods to learn more about Charles I: childhood, the Dauphin,succession to the throne, the Puritan Revolution, the all-out war with Parliament, and the failure of his reign.
(early) childhood
Charles I was born in Dunfermline, Scotland in 1600. His father was James I. His mother was Anne of Denmark.
Charles I’s developmental delays in childhood and the presence of a brilliant older brother led to a childhood with no expectations from those around him.
Doctors suggested surgery and restraints to correct the condition, but the nanny opposed the idea, and the child grew steadily through education.
By the time he was about 10 years old, he was finally able to talk and walk like a normal child.
crown prince
After a dark childhood, Charles I was given an imperial education by his father, James I, following the death of his brother, who had excelled.
He then replaced his brother as Prince of Wales (Dauphin) in 1612.
He began his involvement in politics when he was Dauphin and became a member of the House of Lords of the English Parliament in 1621. At this time, Charles I was 21 years old.
In 1613, his father James I planned the marriage of his daughter Elizabeth Stuart to Charles I in order to end the Thirty Years’ War, which was taking place primarily in the Holy Roman Empire.
This Elizabeth Stuart is the sister of Charles I.
His sister Elizabeth Stuart was to marry Friedrich V, a Protestant, and Charles I was to marry Maria Anna, a Catholic.
However, when his brother-in-law Friedrich V, who had married his sister, was deprived of the Pfalz, which he ruled, his father, James I, used Charles I’s wedding money to restore it.
In addition, James I had conflicts with Parliament, among other things, so Charles I no longer married.
In 1623, Charles I was invited by his father’s friend, George Villiers,Duke of Buckingham, to travel with him to Spain.
The trip would be made before his father, James I, gave his permission.
When they arrived in Madrid, Spain, they conducted political negotiations, but they were unsuccessful and wasted time.
Then, angered by Spain, the two men go to negotiate with France, this time to get it to become an ally, in order to wage war against Spain.
There, the marriage of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France was consummated.
Married but unaccustomed to diplomacy, Duke Buckingham and Charles I failed again, promising tolerance for Catholicism in England.
This tolerance of Catholicism would lead to a popular backlash.
(Japanese) throne succession
In 1625, his father James Idied of illness, andCharles Iacceded to the throne as King of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Charles I’s aide was Duke Buckingham, who traveled with him , and his wife was Henrietta Maria of France.
This wife, Henrietta Maria, was a Catholic, and the reception of a Catholic into the royal family was met with antipathy from the anti-Catholic faction.
There was also growing parliamentary anger at thelack of power of the Duke of Buckingham and the monopoly of power by Charles I’s theory of the royal priesthood.
In the face of growing criticism, Charles I ignored and dissolved Parliament.
In response to these actions by Duke Buckingham and Charles I, France gave up on England and formed an alliance with Spain.
This left England isolated, with France and Spain as its two enemies.
Duke Buckingham was also assassinated, and Charles I, who continued to ignore the voice of Parliament, was losing more and more power.
Puritan Revolution
The dissolution of Parliament by Charles I leads to a non-parliamentary, monopolistic government.
In the meantime, the country made peace with both France and Spain, but as usual, civil war broke out in various parts of the country due to heavy-handed tax collection from the people and suppression of the Puritans, who were Protestants.
The congress was held to raise funds for the suppression of this civil war, but rather than failing to raise funds, it became a forum for condemning the tyranny of Charles 1.
Thus, the conflict between the parliamentary faction and the side of Charles I becomes clearer.
All-out war with Congress
The first civil war, the Battle of Edge Hill, ended in a draw, and the Battle of Aldrunt Moor the following year ended in a victory for Charles I’s side.
However, he was defeated by the Parliamentarians at the Battle of Marston Moore, followed by another defeat the next year at the Battle of Naysby in 1645.
As the civil war rages, he exiles his wife and eldest son to France. He also seeks reinforcements in Scotland and Ireland, but without success, no reinforcements are expected.
failure to rally
Under house arrest at Hampton Court Palace, Charles I escapes and starts the Second English Civil War, which ends in failure.
In 1964, a trial led to the execution of Charles I, and he was publicly executed at Whitehall Palace.
However, the people of the time considered Charles I to be like a god, and some brought back the blood dripping from his corpse.
Charles I’s last words were, “I leave this corrupt throne and go to the unfallible, the highest point of life, where there can be no strife, and the world is filled with peace. There there can be no strife, and the world is filled with peace.
The execution of Charles I ended tyranny for a time, but after Cromwell’s death, Charles I’s son, Charles II, took the throne and the monarchy was restored.
And those who executed Charles I would be thoroughly retaliated against as king killers.
Charles I’s Family Structure
So far in the history of Charles I, we have seen that his father and wife and politics are closely intertwined.
To learn more about Charles I, here is a detailed description of his family structure.
wife
Charles I’s wife was Henrietta Maria.
Henrietta Maria married Charles I and entered the royal court of England, but she was not popular in England because she was Catholic.
During the First English Civil War, she was forced to flee to France shortly after giving birth to her youngest daughter, and after the execution of Charles I, she suffered greatly financially.
However, the restoration of the monarchy in England in 1660 brought him back to England.
Henrietta Maria then returned to France, where she died in 1669. She is buried in Saint-Denis Cathedral, which is also the burial place of successive French royal families.
father
Charles I’s father was James I or VI. As King of England and Ireland, he was James I. As King of Scotland, he is known as King VI.
James I was the first king of both England and Scotland, and was said to be a peace king who promoted peace with other countries.
James I was the man who laid the foundation for the theory of the divine right of kingship, but his many expenses left the English nation in financial difficulties.
As a young child, James I, like Charles I, had developmental delays and did not begin walking until after the age of five.
Despite this dark childhood, he became a king of erudition after being educated by a tutor in languages, mathematics, history, geography, and medicine.
However, this education was very severe and sometimes involved corporal punishment, and he hated his mother and tutor.
The last years of James I’s life were good with Parliament but were destabilized by the Duke of Buckingham and Charles I, who died in 1625.
He was then succeeded by Charles I, who acceded to the throne as King of England.
mother
Charles I’s mother is Anne of Denmark.
This Anne of Denmark was the wife of King James I. Her father was King Freselik II of Denmark-Norway.
Anne of Denmark was a blonde beauty, but she was frivolous and extravagant, buying jewelry and ornaments, which caused financial difficulties.
He and his wife, James I, also did not get along well and had conflicts regarding the naming and education of their first son.
In addition to jewelry and ornaments, Anne of Denmark also likes pomp and pageantry, masquerades, and architecture, and she has annoyed James I by creating many strange structures.
grandmother
Charles I’s grandmother was Mary Stuart, mother of James I.
Mary Stuart is often compared to her contemporary Queen Elizabeth I of England and has been the subject of various works of art.
While Elizabeth I was unmarried and left no children during her lifetime, Mary Stuart’s line was carried on for a long time, and all subsequent kings of England and Scotland are direct descendants of Mary Stuart.
Charles I had eight children.
Charles I had four sons and five daughters with his wife Henrietta Maria. Below are the names of nine of them.
- Charles James.
- Charles II
- Mary Henritta.
- James II.
- Elizabeth.
- Ann.
- Catherine.
- henry
- Henrietta Ann.
Thus, Charles I and his wife Henrietta Maria are very much married and have nine children.
Relationship between Charles I and James I
The relationship between Charles I and James I may not have been good.
Charles I felt a complex in his childhood because he was compared to his superior older brother, and he had developmental delays and stuttered as a child, which caused him to rebel against his father because people around him did not expect him to do well.
Contrary to his father, who was a politician with a policy of peace, Charles I was also famous as a war king, and his efforts to levy taxes and recruit soldiers for war led to the decline of England.
The fact that he is working according to Lord Buckingham, and not his father, also shows the discord between father and son.
However, he may have had some respect for his father because he consistently adhered to the theory of royal priesthood, on which his father had laid the foundation.
Charles I and Tyranny
Charles I is a tyrant based on the theory of royal theocracy, on which his father James I laid the foundation.
Whenever there is financial difficulty, they hold assemblies to collect taxes from the people, and repeatedly dissolve them when it is not convenient.
Thus, tyranny is a form of government in which the ruling class dictates and governs without allowing the ruled class to be involved.
This tyranny led to a confrontation between the royalists and the parliament, which ultimately resulted in Charles I’s execution.
Charles I was an influential figure in Congress.
Charles was a man of great influence in Congress. He ignores Congress and plans to work with privileged merchants to secure financial resources.
On top of that, they suppressed the Puritans, the Calvinist Protestants, and antagonized them.
In response to Charles I’s selfishness, Parliament tried to have his opinion heard by submitting petitions for rights, but Charles I ignored them as well.
Thus, Charles I continued his tyranny by influencing Parliament, which resulted in his defeat in the Puritan Revolution and his eventual execution.
If you want to know more about Charles I.
If you want to know more about Charles I, I suggest you do more in-depth research on your own.
Find information on the Internet, libraries, and bookstores to deepen your knowledge.
Another option is to travel to England, England, or Scotland and visit historical buildings and museums.
Other novels and movies about Charles I will help you understand the atmosphere of the time as well.
Thus, POIN DE VUE JAPON provides information on the royal family, history, and culture of each country.
Please look through the other articles on this site to learn more about the world as you learn more about royal families around the world.
